8 Here, a reasonable jury could find that there was sufficient evidence that both Thomas Fatato and Gaetano Fatato had the requisite knowledge. In addition, although false exculpatory statements made to law enforcement officials may not provide the sole basis for a conviction, they do provide circumstantial evidence of consciousness of guilt and have independent probative force. 837, 845 (1973) (recent, unexplained possession of stolen Treasury checks, payable to persons defendant did not know, indicated "high probabili ty" that defe ndant knew they were st olen) see als o United St ates v. Recent, unexplained possession of stolen property permits an inference that the possessor knew the property was stolen. 7 In order to have the requisite knowledge for the crimes charged in this case, the Fatatos must have known that the bonds were either stolen or forged. The conviction must be upheld so long as any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt. All permissible inferences, including issues of credibility, must be drawn in the government's favor. A defendant seeking to overturn a jury verdict based on insufficient evidence bears a very he avy burden. Thus, we find this claim to be without merit. See Valenti, 60 F.3d at 947 United States v.
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Moreover, even assuming that the trial judge's actions were biased, the instructions given to the jury in this case cured any potential prejudice to the defendants. 5 After careful review of the record, we find that the trial judge's allegedly proprosecu tion actio ns did not i mpermissib ly prejudi ce the defend ants. Reversal is appropriate only if the trial judge's conduct "so impressed the jury with the trial judge's partiality to the prosecutio n that this became a facto r in determin ing the defen dant's gui lt." United States v. In determining whether a trial judge's conduct has deprived a defendant of a fair trial, we must "examine the entire record and attempt to determine whether the conduct of the trial has been such that the jurors have been impressed with the trial judge's partiality to one side to the point that this became a factor in the determination of the jury." United States v.
The Fatatos appeal, arguing that (1) they were denied a fair trial because the trial judge was biased in favor of the prosecutio n and (2) t here was insu fficient evi dence that t he Fatatos k new the bonds were f orged or sto len. Gaetano Fatato was sentenced to 18 months' imprisonment, and was also ordered to pay a fine and restitution. Thomas Fatato was sentenced to 21 months' imprisonment, and was ordered to pay a fine and restitution. § 371, and cashing and concealing stolen United States Treasury bonds, in violation of 18 U.S.C. Conspiracy to cash and conceal stolen United States Treasury bonds, in violation of 18 U.S.C.
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